Martin et al. 2024 established the subspecies name Paranthropus robustus ukusa based on the nearly complete cranium DNH 155 (UW75 –134) as the holotype and DNH 7 and DNH 152 as paratypes. These specimens derive from Drimolen Main Quary, in the Cradle of Humankind, Gauteng Provence, South Africa. Martin et al. (2024) argued for a specific and restricted interpretation of subspecies, as a lineage segment (diachronic definition) as opposed to a geographical variant. In this case P. r. ukusa is interpreted to represent the earlier (older) portion of the P. robustus lineage in southern Africa. Under this arrangment, the younger members of the lineage, including the holotype of P. robustus, TM 1517, were referred by Martin et al. (2024) to P. robustus robustus.
